Using stem cells, researchers have mad e a significant breakthrough in understanding the of tau proteins in Alzheimer’s disease.
If a person suffers from Alzheimer’s disease, certain proteins accumulate in brain cells, forming clumps that restrict normal cell function or even cause the cell to die.
Now, using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the team has shown that a specific form of the tau protein, known as the 1N4R isoform, is responsible for mediating the toxic effects of protein clumps in human brain cells.
iPSCs are human stem cells that are generated from other cells. For example, skin cells can be reprogrammed into iPSCs and from there transformed into brain cells (neurons).
The researchers tested different forms of the tau protein by expressing them specifically in nerve cells. In this way, the researchers were able to analyse how each protein isoform affects the cell.
Dr Sarah Buchholz, first author of the study, said: “This study represents a significant advance in helping us to understand the mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease. By identifying 1N4R tau as a key protein, we have discovered a potential new target for future treatments.”
The study’s interdisciplinary approach not only helps to better understand Alzheimer’s disease but also demonstrates the importance of human cell models in neurodegenerative research. Further studies are needed to translate the results of this study into clinical application, in particular to validate the results in adequate animal models and to develop specific therapeutics that will intervene in this process.
