Eating processed meat has been linked with an increased risk of developing dementia – although unprocessed red meat could be protective against the disease.
In a new study of 500,000 people, it was found that consuming a 25g serving of processed meat a day, the equivalent to one rasher of bacon, is associated with a 44 per cent increased risk of dementia.
But the findings also showed that eating some unprocessed red meat, such as beef, pork or veal, could be protective, as people who consumed 50g a day were 19 per cent less likely to develop dementia.
Scientists from Leeds University’s Nutritional Epidemiology Group were exploring whether there is a link between consumption of meat and development of dementia, a health condition which affects up to eight per cent of over 60s worldwide.
“Our research adds to the growing body of evidence linking processed meat consumption to increased risk of a range of non-transmissible diseases,” says Huifeng Zhang, lead researcher.
“Worldwide, the prevalence of dementia is increasing and diet as a modifiable factor could play a role.”
The team studied data provided by UK Biobank, a database containing in-depth genetic and health information from half a million UK participants aged 40 to 69, to investigate associations between consuming different types of meat and risk of developing dementia.
The data included how often participants consumed different kinds of meat, with six options from never to once or more daily, collected from 2006 to 2010 by the UK Biobank.
The study did not specifically assess the impact of a vegetarian or vegan diet on dementia risk, but it included data from people who said they did not eat red meat.
Among the participants, 2,896 cases of dementia emerged over an average of eight years of follow up.
These people were generally older, more economically deprived, less educated, more likely to smoke, less physically active, more likely to have stroke history and family dementia history, and more likely to be carriers of a gene which is highly associated with dementia.
More men than women were diagnosed with dementia in the study population.
Some people were three to six times more likely to develop dementia due to well established genetic factors, but the findings suggest the risks from eating processed meat were the same whether or not a person was genetically predisposed to developing the disease.
Those who consumed higher amounts of processed meat were more likely to be male, less educated, smokers, overweight or obese, had lower intakes of vegetables and fruits, and had higher intakes of energy, protein, and fat (including saturated fat).
Meat consumption has previously been associated with dementia risk, but this is believed to be the first large-scale study of participants over time to examine a link between specific meat types and amounts, and the risk of developing the disease.
There are around 50 million dementia cases globally, with around 10 million new cases diagnosed every year.
Alzheimer’s Disease makes up 50 to 70 per cent of cases, and vascular dementia around 25 per cent. Its development and progression are associated with both genetic and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle.
“Further confirmation is needed, but the direction of effect is linked to current healthy eating guidelines suggesting lower intakes of unprocessed red meat could be beneficial for health,” adds Ms Zhang.
Professor Janet Cade, who supervised the research with Professor Laura Hardie, adds: “Anything we can do to explore potential risk factors for dementia may help us to reduce rates of this debilitating condition.
“This analysis is a first step towards understanding whether what we eat could influence that risk.”
