Greater awareness, not rising prevalence, driving ADHD referral surge
The recent surge in ADHD referrals is attributed to increased awareness and acceptance of the condition, rather than an actual rise in its prevalence, according to a new systematic review.
Researchers from King’s College London‘s Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience analyzed 40 studies conducted since January 2020 across 17 countries.
They found no significant evidence indicating that the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased in adults or children during this period.
Lead researcher Dr Alex Martin noted that many cases were likely underdiagnosed previously.
She said: “ADHD prevalence in adults and children has remained largely stable since 2020.”
In the UK, estimates suggest that approximately 3 to 4 percent of adults and 5 percent of children and young people have ADHD.
However, only a fraction have been formally diagnosed. NHS England data indicates that nearly 2.5 million people in England may have ADHD, with over 549,000 currently awaiting assessment.
Monthly referrals have reached up to 20,000, marking a 13.5 percent increase from the previous year.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties with concentration, energy levels, impulsiveness and time management.
The findings emerge as a national taskforce in England examines the rising demand for ADHD-related support across the NHS, education, and justice sectors.
NHS England has acknowledged that patients are waiting “too long for assessment and diagnosis.”
Patient watchdog Healthwatch England highlighted in a recent report that undiagnosed ADHD can significantly impact individuals’ ability to succeed at work or in education.
The report emphasised the importance of timely diagnosis in helping people understand and manage their condition.
One woman, Alex, shared with Healthwatch how obtaining a diagnosis enabled her to access medication and develop strategies that also helped her care for her daughter.
She said: “I just couldn’t cope with normal things or keep a routine. It made living exhausting.”
The 32-year-old was only able to get a diagnosis by paying for private care.
Henry Shelford, CEO of ADHD UK, stated that the condition has been overlooked for too long.
He said: “Increasing awareness and diagnosis is the key to unlocking the talents of over two million people in the UK.
“Doing so isn’t just good for individuals—it makes economic sense for the whole country.”
